Syamsudduha, Andi Muhammad Irawan, Sultan
This paper investigates voices of anticolonial discourse manifested in the classical Bugis text, Toloq Rumpaqna Bone. Analyzed through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we seek to understand how resistance discourse is constructed in classical texts. Though CDA typically examines contemporary materials, this study shows that resistance has been historically embedded in anticolonial texts. Using Fairclough's three-dimensional framework, the analysis focuses on how resistance discourse operates through linguistic mechanisms (description), manifests in discursive elements (interpretation), and exists within socio-political practices (explanation). We examine 12 stanzas and categorize them into 5 thematic strands: mobilization, valor, unity, memory, and reawakening. Together, these strands articulate how Bugis people deconstructed colonial domination through linguistic mechanisms anchored in poetry. The findings suggest that classical texts served as crucial sites of political contestation against colonial power. © 2026, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved.
Department of Indonesian Language and Literature, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Daeng Tata Raya Street, South Sulawesi, Makassar, Indonesia; Department of English, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Daeng Tata Raya Street, South Sulawesi, Makassar, Indonesia
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