Suriati Eka Putri, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto, Abd. Rahman, Heryanto Heryanto, Dahlang Tahir
This research focuses on the synthesis of a novel low-cost, environmentally friendly, and recyclable Nano-porous ceramic using natural clay and cassava starch by the gelcasting method, which is then used as a TiO2 catalyst support. TiO2 Nano-porous ceramics synthesized using various amounts of cassava starch (4 %, 6 %, and 8 %), and impregnation by TiO2 was performed at various calcination temperatures (500 °C, 800 °C, and 1100 °C). X-Ray diffraction spectra were used for the analysis of structural properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra for the analysis of bonding characteristics and scanning electron microscopy image for the surface Nano-porous structure. The TiO2-impregnated phases showed the maximum calcination temperature in the presence of rutile and brookite structures at 800 °C with 4 % and 8 % cassava starch. The highest crystallinity was observed at 1100 °C calcination temperature. The bonding formation of O[sbnd]Ti[sbnd]O, OH, and O[sbnd]Si[sbnd]O indicated that the TiO2 catalyst successfully impregnated the Nano-porous ceramic. At high temperatures, the decreases in absorption intensity indicated that the covalent bond between O[sbnd]Ti[sbnd]O decreased, but the intensity increased for the TiO2-impregnated Nano-porous ceramic with 4 % cassava starch. The highest degradation was 97.11 % for the TiO2 Nano-porous ceramic with 8 % cassava starch at the calcination temperature of 500 °C under 180 min irradiation. In addition, optical properties were determined from the quantitatively analysis of FTIR spectra using Maclaurin's method, and the corresponding results were discussed in detail. The TiO2 Nano-porous ceramic showed high degradation under all treatments, which indicated that this new material has a high potential for wastewater treatment in the future. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Makassar, 90224, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Brawijaya University, 65145, Indonesia; Inorganic Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
