Masyhudul Haq Muh Amar, Dahlang Tahir, Heryanto Heryanto, Akouibaa Abdelilah, Ali Alomari, Vicram Setiawan, Suriati Eka Putri
Here, we investigate the adsorption of Pb(II) using AC derived from corn Rachis (RAC) with various carbonization temperatures: 500 °C, 700 °C, and 900 °C using KOH solution as the activator. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups and optical-dielectric function change under the carbonization process. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the presence of (002) and (100) lattice planes, indicating a graphitic phase with amorphous area ( X a ) domination. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed a honeycomb-like morphology, while Energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis indicated a carbon content of over 90%. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis shows the high specific surface area of each sample (>1000 m2/g). The highest Pb(II) adsorption efficiency was achieved at 99.77%, with maximum performance at pH = 7.31, and temperature ∼26.7 °C, supported by the narrowing phonon vibration ( Δ LO − TO , lower electron loss function (ELF) shifts in wavenumber, higher X a , and confirmed through adsorption kinetic and isotherm study. Here, we demonstrate a fresh methodology based on real-time monitoring using the Internet of Things of RAC as a promising adsorbent for Pb(II) removal with an adsorption capacity of 2.598 mg g−1. In addition, the ability of adsorption results without stirring aids to determine their ability when applied to the environment has been studied. © 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90425, Indonesia; LPPSMM, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University Casablanca, Casablanca, 7955, Morocco; Department of Physics, Al-Qunfudah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 24231, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, 90425, Indonesia
